Cybernetics is essentially control theory, and many of the methods in neural network research came from there. For example backpropagation can be traced back to Pontryagin in the 1950s.

Training a nonlinear system to behave in a way you want is the raison d’etre of optimal control theory.

But I wouldn’t say it’s the birthing place of neural networks, personally.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backpropagation#History