You might be interested in rawhide[1] or fselect[2]. (Note: I don't really use them myself, but they seem to offer something like what you're suggesting.)

Also, this is still a find-style syntax, but my bfs utility supports -exclude [3]. So you can write

    bfs -type f -exclude -path ./excluded_dir

which is a bit more ergonomic.

[1]: https://github.com/raforg/rawhide

[2]: https://github.com/jhspetersson/fselect

[3]: https://github.com/tavianator/bfs/blob/main/docs/USAGE.md#-e...