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Hm, still too late, and still leaving.

Maybe I don't understand something, but self-hosted GitHub Actions cost more resources than GitHub Actions hosted with them?

There might be some creative uses of GitHub Actions, it seemed that getting users into the platform was valuable.


Never expose your server IP directly to the internet, vps or baremetal.

Unless you need it to be reachable from the Internet, at which point it has to be... reachable from the Internet.

Public facing services routed through a firewall or waf (cloudflare) always.

Backend access trivial with Tailscale, etc.


Stupid question probably, but: how can it not be routed through a firewall? If you have it at home, it's behind a router that should have a firewall already, right? And just forwards the one port you expose to the server?

Cloudflare can certainly do more (e.g. protect against DoS and hide your personal IP if your server is at home).


Not expose the server IP is one practice (obfuscation) in a list of several options.

But that alone would not solve the problem being a RCE from HTTP, that is why edge proxy provider like Cloudflare[0] and Fastfy[1] proactivily added protections in his WAF products.

Even cloudflare had an outage trying to protect his customers[3].

- [0] https://blog.cloudflare.com/waf-rules-react-vulnerability/ - [1] https://www.fastly.com/blog/fastlys-proactive-protection-cri... - [2] https://blog.cloudflare.com/5-december-2025-outage/


Any server? How do you run a public website? Even if you put it behind a load balancer, the load balancer is still a “server exposed to the internet”

Public facing services routed through a firewall or waf (cloudflare) always.

Backend access trivial with Tailscale, etc.

Public IP never needs to be used. You can just leave it an internal IP if you really want.


A firewall is a server, too, though.

You're going to hate this thing called DNS

Been running production servers for a long time.

DNS is no issue. External DNS can be handled by Cloudflare and their waf. Their DNS service can can obsfucate your public IP, or ideally not need to use it at all with a Cloudflare tunnel installed directly on the server. This is free.

Backend access trivial with Tailscale, etc.

Public IP doesn't always need to be used. You can just leave it an internal IP if you really want.


Is there a way to do that and still be able to access the server?

Yes, of course.

Free way - sign up for a cloudflare account. Use the DNS on cloudflare, they wil put their public ip in front of your www.

Level 2 is install the cloudflare tunnel software on your server and you never need to use the public IP.

Backend access securely? Install Tailscale or headscale.

This should cover most web hosting scenarios. If there's additional ports or services, tools like nginx proxy manager (web based) or others can help. Some people put them on a dedicated VPS as a jump machine.

This way using the Public IP can almost be optional and locked down if needed. This is all before running a firewall on it.


Yes, cloudflare tunnels do this, but I don't think it's really necessary for this.

I use them for self-hosting.


That server is still exposed to the internet on a public IP. Just only known and courted through a 3rd party's castle.

The tunnel doesn't have to use the Public IP inbound, the cloudflare tunnel calls outbound that can be entirely locked up.

If you are using Cloudflare's DNS they can hide your IP on the dns record but it would still have to be locked down but some folks find ways to tighten that up too.

If you're using a bare metal server it can be broken up.

It's fair that it's a 3rd party's castle. At the same time until you know how to run and secure a server, some services are not a bad idea.

Some people run pangolin or nginx proxy manager on a cheap vps if it suits their use case which will securely connect to the server.

We are lucky that many of these ideas have already been discovered and hardened by people before us.

Even when I had bare metal servers connected to the internet, I would put a firewall like pfsense or something in between.


What does the tunnel bring except DoS protection and hiding your IP? And what is the security concern with divulging your IP? Say when I connect to a website, the website knows my IP and I don't consider this a security risk.

If I run vulnerable software, it will still be vulnerable through a Cloudflare tunnel, right?

Genuinely interested, I'm always scared to expose things to the internet :-).


Yes, CloudFlare ZeroTrust. It's entirely free, I use it for loads of containers on multiple hosts and it works perfectly.

It's really convenient. I don't love that its a one of one service, but it's a decent enough placeholder.

Many ways. Using a "bastion host" is one option, with something like wireguard or tinc. Tailscale and similar services are another option. Tor is yet another option.

The bastion host is a server, though, and would be exposed to the internet.

>Never expose your server IP directly to the internet, vps or baremetal.

Either via a VPN or a tunnel.

As in "always run a network firewall" or "keep the IP secret"? Because I've had people suggest both and one is silly.

A network firewall is mandatory.

Keeping the IP secret seems like a misnomer.

Its often possible to lock down the public IP entirely to not accept connections except what's initiated from the inside (like the cloudflare tunnel or otherwise reaching out).

Something like a Cloudflare+tunnel on one side, tailscale or something to get into it on the other.

Folks other than me have written decent tutorials that have been helpful.


Some owed in tech like relearning the same lessons over and over with new instead of realizing there’s a lot that is transferable and new technologies world be better implemented, sooner if it understood what had been done to date.

Good for you for building your own garden.

Sites like Udemy and Coursera have many upsides but they are still anchored in earning in the past, while that world is finally changing rapidly.


Outcome billing may seem to make sense for AI.

Maybe the pricing model makes sense in the beginning.

Until people will realize the big secret - AI is still just software.

A new category of software.

The price of software generally only goes in one direction, and that’s a race to the bottom.


This is actually what I thought. Although, AI agent developers can capture 1:10 of value delivered - assuming AI agents deliver - but with competiton among Agent builders, the value capture will go down. That is one possibility

This customer will be leaving GitHub action runners for punishing self-hosting.

GitLab CI and others seem to be perfectly serviceable.


A more accurate title would be - Bitbucket deleting of free unused workspaces: what you need to know.

This is kind of like what Microsoft did with Hotmail accounts, only to roll it back later.


I had thought Canada spelled words like the UK more often than not.

Reading this, I wonder how this became an issue to become big enough to have an article written about it.

Then hearing the justifications about why it might be, in turn, pitting a few characters in text on the canadianness of a politician, or not.

If you can imagine a word processor somewhere writing this, maybe it didn't have it's language set to English (Canada)?

Some folks here have said sometimes it can feel like there might be folks trying to grasp at straws.


Additionally, they could just self-host their code since code is data is a moat.

I have been told QEEG can offer an additional perspective in neurofeedback, etc as well.

fMRI's are being used in TBI/Concussion recovery that are study backed and seem to be delivering results.


Yes, there are a few medical cases where fMRI makes good simple basic sense, and TBI/Concussion sounds immediately like one of those to me. I seem also to recall them being useful in some cases prior to brain surgeries and the like.

This all makes sense because fMRI tracks metabolic activity via oxygenation changes, which is much more clearly and plausibly related to tissue health and recovery. In these cases, it is also most likely being used within-subject (i.e. longitudinally) to make comparisons to baselines, rather than in an attempt to make speculative inferences about the mind using groups of people, and likely is a simple comparison to baseline rather than bespoke statistical analyses relying on questionable assumptions about the BOLD response being related to overly-specific kinds of neural activity.


fMRI can track oxygenation changes, and indirectly where the blood flow is, or isn't, and perhaps some ideas on where to get it.

All to say, this application might not fall in the 40%.

I just find articles like these can't help but feel like they have an agenda to undermine something instead of simply acknowledge the kinds of things it is and isn't working for.

There's no doubt these researchers have found something, but the need for sensationalistic headlines is well known in academia as well.

Sometimes it's noticeable where the research is specific in scope, but the findings are more general and broad.


> fMRI's are being used in TBI/Concussion recovery

Interesting. Do you happen to have any more information on this topic? I ask because I was under the impression that concussions are a functional/metabolic injury and not a structural injury, therefore, concussions are not visible on any type of fMRI, CT Scan, etc.. Though, I haven't looked into this topic for almost half a decade, so I imagine things have likely progressed.


Well fMRI (as opposed to MRI) is used precisely because it measures things directly related to metabolism and function. Not hard to find info on this stuff: https://scholar.google.ca/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=fMRI%...

Concussions seem to be pretty physiological - first they're a brain bleed, and blood doesn't seem to pump the same as it did before the concussion... resulting in different symptoms.

That might be what you're referring to as functional?

Metabolically, or otherwise, if the brain can't operate, other things in the body such as metabolism would be impacted for sure when it can't oversee and run as it normally can?

While I'm not sure if a concussion directly is visible or not (some have sizeable enough brain bleeds that can be visible), concussions to the extent that they are a change in blood circulation changes and issues, can be visualized on fMRI, etc, where it's not regular, those areas suffer in a brain.

Things luckily have progressed and quite exciting.

Out of convenience, I'll share one I know about (no affiliation) that lay out their therapies and the science behind it as well.

Effectively (I hope I'm getting this accurately) it seems the blood vessels in the brain also have signalling from the blood and oxygen that gets affected which affects things downstream from there.

These guys do an fMRI baseline, have you jump on a bike, fMRI again, see what's not getting blood, and then give you exercises and activites for those regions of the brain. It's pretty interesting.

https://www.cognitivefxusa.com/treatment

Some reported patient outcomes: https://www.cognitivefxusa.com/our-patients

Blog links to research: https://www.cognitivefxusa.com/blog

Independently of this I've heard QEEGs can do a similar thing of seeing where brain activity is/isn't baseline.


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